Tarih Duragı

The bloodstained coat of the Archduke Franz Ferdiand

The blood-stained jacket of the Austro-Hungarian Archduke Ferdinad, who was killed during World War I.

Many of his assassins during his visit to Sarajevo on June 19, 1914, were saved without getting injured. However, on June 28, 1914 at 01:15 am, he was attacked by Serbian assassin Gavrilo Princip while traveling on the streets of Sarajevo with his wife of an open automobile. The lead from Princip's gun went in and out of his neck, stabbing his back. Franz Ferdinand and his wife Princess Sophie are killed on the assassination. The assassin caused the World War I by waging war on Serbia, Austria-Hungary, responsible for the assassination, because the Habsburg dynasty, which held the two countries together, killed the only crown prince.

The killing of  Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist was the spark that started World War I. Austria-Hungary, which held Serbia responsible for this, occupied Serbia on 27 July 1914. As Russia supported Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia as a supporter of Austria-Hungary; France supported Russia in the framework of the Bilateral Alliance Treaty signed in 1892. Germany then declared war to France.

German troops entered Belgium to attack France. The United Kingdom, promising to help Belgium in the face of a massive attack in 1839, declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914. Thus World War I started in Europe.

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Arşidük Ferdinand Suikasti

Öldürülmesi neticesinde 1. Dünya Savaşı çıkan, Avusturya-Macaristan Arşidükü Ferdinad'ın kan lekeli ceketi.

Eşiyle Haziran 1914 tarihinde Saraybosna'yı ziyareti sırasında gerçekleşen birçok suikasttan yara almadan kurtuldu. Ancak, 28 Haziran 1914 tarihinde saat 01.15'te, üzeri açık otomobille eşiyle Saraybosna sokaklarında ilerlerken, Sırp suikastçı Gavrilo Princip'in saldırısına uğradı. Princip'in tabancasından çıkan kurşun, boynuna girip çıkarak, arkasında duran eşine saplandı. Franz Ferdinand ve eşi Prenses Sophie, suikastte öldüler. Suikastçı, iki ülkeyi bir arada tutan Habsburg Hanedanı'nın tek veliahdını öldürdüğünden Avusturya-Macaristan, suikasttan sorumlu tuttuğu Sırbistan'a savaş açarak, I. Dünya Savaşı'nın çıkmasına neden oldu.

Bir Sırp milliyetçisinin Arşidük Franz Ferdinand'ı öldürmesi I. Dünya Savaşı'nı başlatan kıvılcım oldu. Bu olaydan Sırbistan'ı sorumlu tutan Avusturya-Macaristan, 27 Temmuz 1914'te Sırbistan'ı işgal etti. Rusya Sırbistan'ı destekleyince Almanya, Avusturya-Macaristan'ın yandaşı olarak Rusya'ya savaş ilan etti; Fransa da 1892'de imzaladığı İkili İttifak Antlaşması çerçevesinde Rusya'yı destekledi. Bunun üzerine Almanya, Fransa'ya da savaş ilan etti.

Alman birlikleri Fransa'ya saldırmak için Belçika'ya girdi. 1839'da herhangi bir saldırı karşısında Belçika'ya yardım etmeye söz vermiş olan Birleşik Krallık, 4 Ağustos 1914'te Almanya'ya savaş ilan etti. Böylece I. Dünya Savaşı Avrupa'da başlamış oldu.

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German Soldiers Pedals

German soldiers pedal a generator powering a field wireless radio, May 1917

The picture is amazing and interesting.

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Flamethrower in village of Niinisalo July 1 1942

A flame or lava weapon is a device designed to fire and to mechanically control the flame flow for a very long time. These machines have been widely used since being used during World War I.

In some models, the flow of flame is formed by flammable liquids, and in some models the system works with gas. Flammable liquids have been used in most military flamethrowers, but natural gas and pressurized propane are considered safer at higher levels in commercial flame engines. The controlled burning capacity used by the military has been used by other people in agriculture (eg sugar cane fields) or other field work. These machines can either be carried by an operator or they can be designed to be installed by truck.

Soldier using flamethrower for smoke 1917

Military Flame Machines

The first military flame machines were used in close combat between the trenches during World War I, II. World War II has expanded its usage areas. Portable ones consist of two parts; The tank that the user carries on his back and the gun he holds. The reservoir part usually consists of two or three different cylinder shaped tubes. In two-cylinder systems, there is a combustible gas (usually nitrogen) compressed in one of the cylinders, and a diluted combustible liquid in the other. In the three-cylinder system, compressed gas is in the middle tube, and the other two are inflammable liquid in the outer tube. The pressurized gas pushes the fuel out of the cylinder and conveys it to the cylinder through the flexible fuel hose. The flame is sprayed with the retraction of the throttle. The flame machine is physically extremely painful for the user exposed to it, psychological for the user. So much so that they were forbidden at that time. As a consequence of the spraying of flame-retardant, flammable liquid compositions comes up to an effective range of 50-80 meters.

Military flame machines bring many risks for the user;

• One of the biggest disadvantages is the weight that limits the user's mobility.
• Because they consume fuel very quickly, use requires special care and attention. The soldier who uses it must use it sparingly.
• It's very easy to spot it on battlefields. This makes the user an obvious target, especially for sharp markers.
• Soldiers carrying flame machines are always a priority target for wars.
• Since the range is much shorter than other weapons, the user who has to approach as close as possible to the target will have to risk his life.

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Tsar Nicholas II and His children with Cossack officers, 1916

The Romanov dynasty that ruled the last 300 years before the collapse of the Russian Empire.

The person standing in the middle is the last Tsar of the Empire, Nicholas II.

Left to right: Anastasia, Olga, Nicholas II, Alexei, Tatiana and Maria. Behind them are Kuban Cossacks. Alexei was the only boy of Nicholas II.

In the year 1917, he was dethroned by the February Revolution.

After the October Revolution led by Lenin, the entire family was killed by the Bolsheviks in the house where the July 16, 1918 night was held captive.

Nicholas II of Russia in Nagasaki 1891

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Neighborhood in war time in England

The use of toxic gas in World War 1 was a major military innovation. Gases have continued as chemical agents such as tear gas,  mustard gas and chlorine.

This chemical war was, firstly, a major component of global warfare and the first major war of the 20th century. The gas killing capacity (only 3% of those killed in combat, because of gas ).

Nonetheless, the proportion of non-fatal injuries was high and gas remained one of the greatest fears of the soldiers. It was possible to take effective measures against the gases, different from other weapons of the time. As a result, the effectiveness of the gas was increased, and in many cases the effectiveness of the war was reduced in later stages.

The widespread use of these agents in chemical warfare and the time of war have been documented in the advancement of powerful explosives. So much so that the "war of chemists" was among the rising values ​​of the First Word War.

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