Tarih Duragı

Kamıkaze ne demek

Kamikaze

Moğolların Japonya seferleri, Yuan Hanedanı'nın imparatoru Kubilay Han tarafından Kore Yarımadası'ndaki Goryeo Krallığı'nın ele geçirilmesinden sonra Japonya'ya karşı düzenlenen 1274 seferi  ve 1281 seferi  olmak üzere iki askeri sefer ve savaşı kapsar.

İşgal girişiminin başarısız olması tarihsel açıdan büyük önem taşır. Başarısızlık sonucunda Moğol İmparatorluğu'nun yayılmasının doğal sınırları belirlenmiş ve Japon ulusal tarihi de derinden etkilenmiştir.

Japonlar adalarını başarıyla savunurlar ancak Kubilay'ın gemileri açık denizlerdeki kuvvetli dalgalara dayanıklı olmadığı için Moğol donanmasının yaklaşık yüzde 75’inin çok şiddetli fırtınada batmasının da istilanın başarısız olmasında payı büyüktür.

İşgal çok sayıda esere kaynaklık eder ve Japon edebiyatında ilahi rüzgar anlamına gelen kamikaze kelimesinin ilk olarak bu dönemde kullanıldığı görülür.

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Condemned prisoner in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 1913.

Condemned prisoner in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 1913.  Photo credit by Albert Kahn.

In our previous photo about Mongolia's condemned prisoners, we already shared following photo from Albert Kahn albume.

Mongolian Woman Abandoned to Death 1913

This photograph was taken in July 1913 by French photographer Albert Kahn. Albert Kahn was a millionaire banker who took pictures with his colorful photographic technique, led by Lumière brothers .

For more photos about Mongolia, please check our Mongolia photos.

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Mongolian Woman Abandoned to Death 1913

This photograph was taken in July 1913 by French photographer Albert Kahn. Albert Kahn was a millionaire banker who took pictures with his colorful photographic technique, led by Lumière brothers .

Albert Kahn, during a trip to exotic countries, photographed a photograph of this Mongolian woman, who was left to die in a wooden crest and died slowly. When it was first put into the woman's chest, she had water and food in the cradles on the ground. The photographer left this abandoned person there and did not find any intervention. This process was contrary to the primary directive of anthropologists to intervene in another cultural law and order system.

The photograph was first published under National Geographic's 1922 issue under the title "Mongolian criminal, in the box". The reason the woman was put there was that she did not commit adultery.

The Nazi Symbol (swastika) in the upper left corner of the box is really interesting ...

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A Mongolian Mystic Shaman 1909

A shaman is a person regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of benevolent and malevolent spirits, who typically enters into a trance state during a ritual, and practices divination and healing.

The word "shaman" probably originates from the Tungusic Evenki language of North Asia. According to ethnolinguist Juha Janhunen, "the word is attested in all of the Tungusic idioms" such as Negidal, Lamut, Udehe/Orochi, Nanai, Ilcha, Orok, Manchu and Ulcha, and "nothing seems to contradict the assumption that the meaning 'shaman' also derives from Proto-Tungusic" and may have roots that extend back in time at least two millennia.The term was introduced to the west after Russian forces conquered the shamanistic Khanate of Kazan in 1552.

The term "shamanism" was first applied by western anthropologists as outside observers of the ancient religion of the Turks and Mongols, as well as those of the neighboring Tungusic and Samoyedic-speaking peoples. Upon observing more religious traditions across the world, some caucasian anthropologists began to also use the term in a very broad sense, to describe unrelated magico-religious practices found within the ethnic religions of other parts of Asia, Africa, Australasia and even completely unrelated parts of the Americas, as they believed these practices to be similar to one another. ( Source, Wikipedia )

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